Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics
Optimization of Air Distribution Patterns by Arrangements of Air Inlets and Outlets: Case Study of an Operating Room
Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Mechanical & Marine Engineering, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, 99717-56499, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical & Marine Engineering, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, 99717-56499, Iran
Abstract
In this research, possible methods to improve the air distribution patterns of an operating room (OR) employing CFD method are investigated. Laminar airflow (LAF), turbulent airflow (TAF), and LAF with the air curtain are examined. It is found that LAF and LAF with the air curtain cases are superior to TAF-based cases. The study shows that the LAF and LAF with the air curtain cases as the proposed configurations have an acceptable capability to maintain the indoor air conditions within the range recommended by the standards. According to the simulations, the LAF with the air curtain case is the most suitable case in terms of the contamination risk, and it is recommended to be implemented in the existing OR.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Publisher’s Note Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
[1] Hwang, R.L., Lin, T.P., Cheng, M.J., Chien, J.H., Patient thermal comfort requirement for hospital environments in Taiwan, Building and Environment, 42(8), 2007, 2980-2987.
[2] Khodakarami, J., Nasrollahi, N., Thermal comfort in hospitals - a literature review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 2012, 4071-4077.
[3] Ding, L.C., Yau, Y.H., A study on the arrangement of air inlets in a class 7 clean room, Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, 36(3), 2015, 357-367.
[4] Lee, K.S., Zhang, T., Jiang, Z., Chen, Q., Comparison of airflow and contaminant distributions in rooms with traditional displacement ventilation and under-floor air distribution systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 115(2), 2009, 306-321.
[5] Wladyslaw, J.K., Air treatment systems for controlling hospital acquired infections, Immune Building Systems HPAC Engineering, New York, 2007.
[6] Memarzadeh, F., Jiang, Z., Effect of operation room geometry and ventilation system parameter variations on the protection of the surgical site, IAQ, 2004, 1-6.
[7] Cook, M., The design quality manual: improving building performance, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[8] McNeill, J., Hertzberg, J., Zhai, Z.J., Experimental investigation of operating room air distribution in a full-scale laboratory chamber using particle image velocimetry and flow visualization, Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization, 1, 2013, 24-32.
[9] Van Gaever, R., Jacobs, V.A., Diltoer, M., Peeters, L., Vanlanduit, S., Thermal comfort of the surgical staff in the operating room, Building and Environment, 81, 2014, 37-41.
[10] Ufat, H., Kaynakli, O., Yamankaradeniz, N., Yamankaradeniz, R., Three-dimensional air distribution analysis of different outflow typed operating rooms at different inlet velocities and room temperatures, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(7), 2017, 1-12.
[11] Zhai, Z.J., Osborne, A.L., Simulation-based feasibility study of improved air conditioning systems for hospital operating room, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(4), 2013, 468-475.
[12] Pereira, M.L., Tribess, A., A review of air distribution patterns in surgery rooms under infection control focus, Thermal Engineering, 4, 2005, 113-121.
[13] Memarzadeh, F., Manning, A.P., Comparison of operating room ventilation systems in the protection of the surgical site, ASHRAE Transactions, 108(2), 2002, 3-15.
[14] Chow, T.T., Yang, X.Y., Performance of ventilation system in a non-standard operating room, Building and Environment, 38(12), 2003, 1401-1411.
[15] Chow, T.T., Yang, X.Y., Ventilation performance in the operating theatre against airborne infection: numerical study on an ultra-clean system, Journal of Hospital Infection, 59(2), 2005, 138-147.
[16] Chow, T.T., Lin, Z., Bai, W., The integrated effect of medical lamp position and diffuser discharge velocity on ultra-clean ventilation performance in an operating theatre, Indoor and Built Environment, 15(4), 2006, 315-331.
[17] Balaras, C.A., Dascalaki, E., Gaglia, A., HVAC and indoor thermal conditions in hospital operating rooms, Energy and Buildings, 39(4), 2007, 454-470.
[18] Rui, Z., Guangbei, T., Jihong, L., Study on biological contaminant control strategies under different ventilation models in hospital operating room, Building and Environment, 43(5), 2008, 793-803.
[19] Ho, S.H., Rosario, L., Rahman, M.M., Three-dimensional analysis for hospital operating room thermal comfort and contaminant removal, Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(10), 2009, 2080-2092.
[20] Liu, J., Wang, H., Wen, W., Numerical simulation on a horizontal airflow for airborne particles control in hospital operating room, Building and Environment, 44(11), 2009, 2284-2289.
[21] El Gharbi, N., Benzaoui, A., Khalil, E.E., Kameel, R., Analysis of indoor air quality in surgical operating rooms using experimental and numerical investigations, Mechanics & Industry, 13, 2012, 123-126.
[22] Yau, Y.H., Ding, L.C., A case study on the air distribution in an operating room at Sarawak general hospital heart centre (SGHHC) in Malaysia, Indoor and Built Environment, 23(8), 2014, 1129-1141.
[23] Kobayashi, T., Sugita, K., Umemiya, N., Kishimoto, T., Sandberg, M., Numerical investigation and accuracy verification of indoor environment for an impinging jet ventilated room using computational fluid dynamics, Building and Environment,115, 2017, 251-268.
[24] Sadrizadeh, S., Afshari, A., Karimipanah, T., Håkansson, U., Nielsen, P.V., Numerical simulation of the impact of surgeon posture on airborne particle distribution in a turbulent mixing operating theatre, Building and Environment,110, 2016, 140-147.
[25] Van Gaever, R., Jacobs, V.A., Diltoer, M., Peeters, L., Vanlanduit, S., Thermal comfort of the surgical staff in the operating room, Building and Environment, 81, 2014, 37-41.
[26] Loomans, M.G.L.C., de Visser, I.M., Loogman, J.G.H., Kort, H.S.M., Alternative ventilation system for operating theaters: Parameter study and full-scale assessment of the performance of a local ventilation system, Building and Environment, 102, 2016, 26-38.
[27] King, M.F., Noakes, C.J., Sleigh, P.A., Modeling environmental contamination in hospital single- and four-bed rooms, Indoor Air, 25(6), 2015, 694-707.
[28] Gronlund, C.J., Berrocal, V.J., Modeling and comparing central and room air conditioning ownership and cold-season in-home thermal comfort using the American Housing Survey, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 30(5), 2020, 814–823.
[29] Figuerola-Tejerina, A., Hernández-Aceituno, A., Alemán-Vega, G., Orille-García, C., Ruiz-Álvarez, M., Sandoval-Insausti, H., Developing a faster way to identify biocontamination in the air of controlled environment rooms with HEPA filters: airborne particle counting, Scientific Reports, 10(1), 2020, 1-8.
[30] Ryan, R. M., Wilding, G. E., Wynn, R. J., Welliver, R. C., Holm, B. A., Leach, C. L., Effect of enhanced ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in the heating ventilation and air conditioning system on ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Perinatology, 31(9), 2011, 607-614.
[31] ASHRAE, ANSI Standard 170-2013 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc, Atlanta, 2013.
[32] ASHRAE, ANSI Standard 170-2008 Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc, Atlanta, 2008.
[33] Ning, M., Mengjie, S., Mingyin, C., Dongmei, P., Shiming, D., Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of airflow field, mean age of air and CO2 distributions inside a bedroom with different heights of conditioned air supply outlet, Applied Energy, 164, 2016, 906-915.
[34] Deng, H.Y., Feng, Z., Cao, S.J., Influence of air change rates on indoor CO2 stratification in terms of Richardson number and vorticity, Building and Environment, 129, 2018, 74-84.
[35] Zheng, C., You, S., Zhang, H., Zheng, W., Zheng, X., Ye, T., Liu, Z., Comparison of air-conditioning systems with bottom-supply and side-supply modes in a typical office room, Applied Energy, 227, 2018, 304-311.
[36] Tung, Y.C., Shih, Y.C., Hu, S.C., Numerical study on the dispersion of airborne contaminants from an isolation room in the case of door opening, Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(8-9), 2009, 1544-1551.
[37] ASHRAE, HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc, Atlanta, 2003.
)
