Modeling of Self-Healing Concrete: A Review

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus University Weimar, Germany

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung (POLBAN) Terusan Gegerkalong Hilir Ds. Ciwaruga, Bandung, 40012, Indonesia

3 Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus University WeimDepartment of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung (POLBAN) Terusan Gegerkalong Hilir Ds. Ciwaruga, Bandung, 40012, Indonesia ar, Germany

Abstract

Self-healing concrete (SHC) has received a tremendous attention due to its advanced ability of automatic crack detection and crack repairing compared to the standard concrete. Two main approaches which considered as to-date self-healing mechanisms are autogenous and autonomous healing. In the past several years, the effort of the research has been focused on experimental works instead of numerical models to simulate the healing process. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive comparison of different self-healing concrete (cement based materials) modeling approaches which are available. In this review, special attention is given to the autonomous healing model and a few of recent works related to the autogenous healing model are also investigated. Moreover, this review covers both analytical and numerical simulation methods of self-healing concrete model.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] Cailleux, E., Pollet, V., Investigations on the development of self-healing properties in protective coatings for concrete and repair mortars. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Self-Healing Materials, Chicago, IL, USA. Vol. 28. 2009.
[2] Wu, M., Johannesson, B., Geiker, M., A review: Self-healing in cementitious materials and engineered cementitious composite as a self-healing material. Construction and Building Materials, 28(1), 2012, 571-583.
[3] Van Tittelboom, K. and De Belie, N., Self-healing in cementitious materials-A review. Materials, 6(6), 2013, 2182-2217.
[4] Talaiekhozan, A., Keyvanfar, A., Shafaghat, A., Andalib, R., Majid, M.A., Fulazzaky, M.A., Zin, R.M., Lee, C.T., Hussin, M.W., Hamzah, N., Marwar, N.F., A review of self-healing concrete research development. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 2(1), 2014, 1-11.
[5] Lv, Z., Chen, D., Overview of recent work on self-healing in cementitious materials. Materiales de Construcción, 64(316), 2014, p. 034.
[6] Ahn, E., Kim, H., Sim, S.H., Shin, S.W., Shin, M., Principles and Applications of Ultrasonic-Based Nondestructive Methods for Self-Healing in Cementitious Materials. Materials, 10(3), 2017, 278.
[7] Rabczuk, T., Computational methods for fracture in brittle and quasi-brittle solids: state-of-the-art review and future perspectives. ISRN Applied Mathematics, 2013 Article ID 849231, 38 pages.
[8] Rabczuk, T., Eibl, J., Modelling dynamic failure of concrete with meshfree methods. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32(11), 2006, 1878-1897.
[9] Rabczuk, T., Belytschko, T., Application of particle methods to static fracture of reinforced concrete structures. International Journal of Fracture, 137(1-4), 2006, 19-49.
[10] Rabczuk, T., Zi, G., Bordas, S., Nguyen-Xuan, H., A geometrically non-linear three-dimensional cohesive crack method for reinforced concrete structures. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75(16), 2008, 4740-4758.
[11] Rabczuk, T., Zi, G., Numerical Fracture analysis of prestressed concrete beams. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 2(2), 2008, 153-160.
[12] Rabczuk, T., Xiao, S.P., Sauer, M., Coupling of mesh‐free methods with finite elements: basic concepts and test results. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 22(10), 2006, 1031-1065.
[13] Rabczuk, T., Zi, G., A meshfree method based on the local partition of unity for cohesive cracks. Computational Mechanics, 39(6), 2007, 743-760.
[14] Rabczuk, T., Belytschko, T., A three-dimensional large deformation meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 196(29), 2007, 2777-2799.
[15] Rabczuk, T., Bordas, S., Zi, G., A three-dimensional meshfree method for continuous multiple-crack initiation, propagation and junction in statics and dynamics. Computational Mechanics, 40(3), 2007, 473-495.
[16] Zi, G., Rabczuk, T., Wall, W., Extended meshfree methods without branch enrichment for cohesive cracks. Computational Mechanics, 40(2), 2007, 367-382.
[17] Hearn, N., Self-sealing, autogenous healing and continued hydration: What is the difference? Materials and Structures, 31(8), 1998, 563-567.
[18] Edvardsen, C., Water permeability and autogenous healing of cracks in concrete. Materials Journal, 96(4), 1999, 448-454.
[19] Ahn, T.H., Kishi, T., Crack self-healing behavior of cementitious composites incorporating various mineral admixtures. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 8(2), 2010, 171-186.
[20] He, H., Guo, Z., Stroeven, P., Stroeven, M., Sluys, L.J., Self-healing capacity of concrete-computer simulation study of unhydrated cement structure. Image Analysis & Stereology, 26(3), 2011, 137-143.
[21] Schlangen, E., Ter Heide, N., Van Breugel, K., 2006. Crack healing of early age cracks in concrete. In Measuring, Monitoring and Modeling Concrete Properties, Springer Netherlands, 2006, 273-284.
[22] Lv, Z., Chen, H., Modeling self-healing efficiency on cracks due to unhydrated cement nuclei in cementitious materials: splitting crack mode. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 19(1), 2012, 1-7.
[23] Huang, H., Ye, G., Simulation of self-healing by further hydration in cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34(4), 2012, 460-467.
[24] Ferrara, L., Di Luzio, G., Krelani, V., Experimental assessment and numerical modelling of self healing capacity of cement based materials via fracture mechanics concepts. 9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures, University of California, Berkeley, California USA, May 29-June 1, 2016.
[25] Di Luzio, G., Ferrara, L., Krelani, V., March. A numerical model for the self-healing capacity of cementitious composites. In Proceedings of EURO-C, 2, 2014, 741-7.
[26] Hilloulin, B., Grondin, F., Matallah, M., Loukili, A., Modelling of autogenous healing in ultra-high performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 61, 2014, 64-70.
[27] Savija, B., Schlangen, E., Modelling the influence of cracking and healing on modal properties of concrete beams. In ICSHM 2015: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Self-Healing Materials, Durham, USA, 22-24 June, 2015.
[28] Abu Al-Rub, R.K., Alsheghri, A., Cohesive zone damage-healing model for self-healing materials. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 784, 2015, 111-118.
[29] Aliko-Benítez, A., Doblaré, M., Sanz-Herrera, J.A., Chemical-diffusive modeling of the self-healing behavior in concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 69, 2015, 392-402.
[30] Hazelwood, T., Jefferson, A.D., Lark, R.J., Gardner, D.R., Numerical simulation of the long-term behaviour of a self-healing concrete beam vs standard reinforced concrete. Engineering Structures, 102, 2015, 176-188.
[31] Hilloulin, B., Hilloulin, D., Grondin, F., Loukili, A., De Belie, N., Mechanical regains due to self-healing in cementitious materials: Experimental measurements and micro-mechanical model. Cement and Concrete Research, 80, 2016, 21-32.
[32] Chitez, A.S., Jefferson, A.D., A coupled thermo-hygro-chemical model for characterising autogenous healing in ordinary cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 88, 2016, 184-197.
[33] Caggiano, A., Etse, G., Ferrara, L., Krelani, V., Zero-thickness interface constitutive theory for concrete self-healing effects. Computers & Structures, 186, 2017, 22-34.
[34] Davies, R., Jefferson, A., Micromechanical modelling of self-healing cementitious materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 113, 2017, 180-191.
[35] Ranaivomanana, H., Benkemoun, N., Numerical modelling of the healing process induced by carbonation of a single crack in concrete structures: Theoretical formulation and Embedded Finite Element Method implementation. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 132, 2017, 42-51.
[36] Zhang, Y., Zhuang, X., A softening-healing law for self-healing quasi-brittle materials: analyzing with Strong Discontinuity embedded Approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.04906, 2017.
[37] Ramadan Suleiman, A., Nehdi, M.L., Modeling Self-Healing of Concrete Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm–Artificial Neural Network. Materials, 10(2), 2017, 135.
[38] Zemskov, S.V., Jonkers, H.M., Vermolen, F.J., A mathematical model for bacterial self-healing of cracks in concrete. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 25(1), 2014, 4-12.
[39] Lv, Z., Chen, H., Analytical models for determining the dosage of capsules embedded in self-healing materials. Computational Materials Science, 68, 2013, 81-89.
[40] Lv, Z., Chen, H., Yuan, H., Analytical solution on dosage of self-healing agents in cementitious materials: long capsule model. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 25(1), 2014, 47-57.
[41] Zhu, H., Zhou, S., Yan, Z., Ju, W., Chen, Q., A 3D analytical model for the probabilistic characteristics of self-healing model for concrete using spherical microcapsule. Computers and Concrete, 15(1), 2015, 37-54.
[42] Gilabert, F.A., Garoz, D., Van Paepegem, W., Stress concentrations and bonding strength in encapsulation-based self-healing materials. Materials & Design, 67, 2015, 28-41.
[43] Huang, H., Ye, G., Numerical Studies of the Effects of Water Capsules on Self-Healing Efficiency and Mechanical Properties in Cementitious Materials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, Article ID 8271214, 10 pages.
[44] Zhou, S., Zhu, H., Yan, Z., Ju, J.W., Zhang, L., A micromechanical study of the breakage mechanism of microcapsules in concrete using PFC2D. Construction and Building Materials, 115, 2016, 452-463.
[45] Zhou, S., Zhu, H., Ju, J.W., Yan, Z., Chen, Q., Modeling microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composite materials using discrete element method. International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 26(2), 2017, 340-357.
[46] Li, W., Jiang, Z., Yang, Z., Crack Extension and Possibility of Debonding in Encapsulation-Based Self-Healing Materials. Materials, 10(6), 2017, 589.
[47] Van Breugel, K., Conceptual and numerical modeling and simulation of microstructure of cement-based materials. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 5(1-2), 2016, 57-75.
[48] He, H., Guo, Z.Q., Stroeven, P., Hu, J., Stroeven, M., Computer simulation study of concrete’s self-healing capacity due to unhydrated cement nuclei in interfacial transition zones. In Proc 1st Int Conf Self-healing materials. Noordwijk aan Zee, The Netherlands, 51(6), April 2007.
[49] He, H., Guo, Z., Stroeven, P., Stroeven, M., Sluys, L.J., Self-healing capacity of concrete-computer simulation study of unhydrated cement structure. Image Analysis & Stereology, 26(3), 2011, 137-143.
[50] Gilabert, F.A., Van Tittelboom, K., Van Stappen, J., Cnudde, V., De Belie, N., Van Paepegem, W., Integral procedure to assess crack filling and mechanical contribution of polymer-based healing agent in encapsulation-based self-healing concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 77, 2017, 68-80.
[51] Jasak, H., 2009. OpenFOAM: open source CFD in research and industry. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 1(2), 89-94.
[52] Weller, H.G., Tabor, G., Jasak, H., Fureby, C., A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object-oriented techniques. Computers in physics, 12(6), 1998, 620-631.
[53] Deshpande, S.S., Anumolu, L., Trujillo, M.F., Evaluating the performance of the two-phase flow solver interFoam. Computational science & discovery, 5(1), 2012, 014016.
[54] Šavija, B., Feiteira, J., Araújo, M., Chatrabhuti, S., Raquez, J.M., Van Tittelboom, K., Gruyaert, E., De Belie, N., Schlangen, E., Simulation-Aided Design of Tubular Polymeric Capsules for Self-Healing Concrete. Materials, 10(1), 2016, 10.
[55] Tziviloglou, E., Van Tittelboom, K., Palin, D., Wang, J., Sierra-Beltrán, M.G., Erşan, Y.Ç., Mors, R., Wiktor, V., Jonkers, H.M., Schlangen, E., De Belie, N., Bio-based self-healing concrete: from research to field application. In Self-healing Materials , Springer International Publishing, 2016, 345-385.