Numerical Investigation of an Unsteady and Anisotropic Turbulent ‎Flow Downstream a 90° Bend Pipe with and without Ribs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Hydraulics, University of Batna 2, Research Laboratory in Applied Hydraulics, Constantine road N°53.Fesdis, Batna, 05078, Algeria‎

2 National Higher School of Arts and Crafts (ParisTech; ENSAM), Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, France

3 Safety Department, University of Batna 2, IHSI-LRPI, Constantine road N°53.Fesdis, Batna, 05078, Algeria‎

Abstract

In this work, a numerical study of the dynamical behavior of unsteady and anisotropic turbulent flow downstream a 90° bended pipe was presented. For this purpose, comparative computations are carried out employing two flow configurations, bend pipe with ribs and bend pipe without ribs with a curvature radius ratio Rc/D=2.0. In the bend pipe with ribs, the pitch ratios Pt/e=40 and the rib height to pipe diameter e/D is 0.1. This model has been utilized to assess the effect of ribs on flow where the presence of the ribs leads to a complex velocity field with regions of flow separation upstream and downstream of the ribs. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach is employed and the computational model is validated by comparisons with the existing experimental data. The simulations are conducted with the commercials CFD software FLUENT for Dean number varying from 5000 to 40000. The result analysis shows that the higher resistance generated by the ribs produced relatively larger velocity gradient (∂U/∂y) compared to the case of bend pipe without ribs where a more uniform mean velocity profile is observed. The turbulence intensities are higher in the ribbed bend pipe compared to those in the non-ribbed case and depend faintly on the Dean number. The levels of the Reynolds shear stresses are significantly enhanced by the ribs compared to the case without ribs. This increasing is explained by significantly higher levels of turbulence production over those ribs produced by large values of ∂U/∂y.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] Vasiliy, S., Pavel, K., Vitaliy, S., Fedor, P., Method of Unsteady Hydrodynamic Characteristics Determination in Turbulent Boundary Layer, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 7(2), 2021, 849-857.
[2] Lumley, J.L., Computational Modeling of Turbulent Flows, Advances in Applied Mechanics, 18, 1979, 161-178.
[3] Sheikholeslami, M., Farshad, S.A., Nanoparticle Transportation inside a Tube with Quad-Channel Tapes involving Solar Radiation, Powder Technology, 378, 2021, 145-159.
[4] Sudo, K., Sumida, M., Hibara, H., Experimental Investigation on Turbulent Flow in a Circular-Sectioned 90-Degree Bend, Experiments in Fluids, 25, 1998, 42-49.
[5] Hüttl, T.J., Friedrich, R., Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Curved and Helically Coiled Pipes, Computers & Fluids, 30, 2001, 591-605.
[6] Kawamura, T., Nakao, T., Takahashi, M., Reynolds Number Effect on Turbulence Downstream from Elbow Pipe, Trans, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 68(667), 2002, 645-651.
[7] Chang, T.H., Lee, H.S., An Experimental Study on Swirling Flow in a 90 Degree Circular Tube by using Particle Image Velocimetry, Journal of Visualization, 6, 2003, 343-352.
[8] Spedding, P.L., Benard, E., McNally, G.M., Fluid Flow through 90˚ Bends, Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing, 12(1-2), 2008, 107-128.
[9] Pruvost, J., Legrand, J., Legentilhomme, P., Numerical Investigation of Bend and Torus Flows, Part I: Effect of Swirl Motion on Flow Structure in U-bend, Chemical Engineering Science, 59(16), 2004, 3345-3357.
[10] Raisee, M., Alemi, H., Iacovides, H., Prediction of Developing Turbulent Flow in 90°-Curved Ducts using Linear and Non-Linear Low-Re k-ε Models, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 51(12), 2006, 1379-1405.
[11] Crawford, N.M., Cunningham, G., Spence, S.W.T., An Experimental Investigation into the Pressure Drop for Turbulent Flow in 90° Elbow Bends, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 221(2), 2007, 77-88.
[12] Shiraishi, T., Watakabe, H., Sago, H., Konomura, M., Ymaguchi, A., Fujii, T., Resistance and Fluctuating Pressure of a Large Elbow in High Reynolds Numbers, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 128(5), 2006, 1063-1073.
[13] Shiraishi, T., Watakabe, H., Sago, H., Yamano, H., Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of the Short Radius Elbow Pipe for FBR in the Postcritical Reynolds Regime, Journal of Fluid Science and Technology, 4(2), 2009, 430-441.
[14] Mojtaba, J., Cathy, C., Hassan, P., Secondary Flow Velocity Field in Laminar Pulsating Flow through Curved Pipes-Piv Measurements, Proceedings of the ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, 78141, 2009, 1577-1584.
[15] Ono, A., Kimura, N., Kamide, H., Tobita, A., Influence of Elbow Curvature on Flow Structure at Elbow Outlet under High Reynolds Number Condition, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 241(11), 2011, 4409-4419.
[16] Noorani, A., El Khoury, G.K., Schlatter, P., Evolution of Turbulence Characteristics from Straight to Curved Pipes, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 41, 2013, 16-26.
[17] Min, C., Zhiguo, Z., Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Driven Secondary Flow in a 90° Bend Pipe, Advanced Materials Research, 765-767, 2013, 514-519.
[18] Niu, L., Dou, H.S., Stability Study of Flow in a 90° Bend Based on the Energy Gradient Theory, 6th International Conference on Pumps and Fans with Compressors and Wind Turbines, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 52(2013), 2013, 022006.
[19] Hellström, L.H.O., Zlatinov, M.B., Cao, G., Smits, A.J., Turbulent Pipe Flow Downstream of a 90° Bend, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 735, 2013, R7.
[20] Jongtae, K., Mohan, Y., Seungjin, K., Characteristics of Secondary Flow Induced by 90-Degree Elbow in Turbulent Pipe Flow, Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 8(2), 2014, 229-239.
[21] Dutta, P., Nandi, N., Effect of Reynolds Number and Curvature Ratio on Single Phase Turbulent Flow in Pipe Bends, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, 19(1), 2015, 5-16.
[22] Yan, W., Quanlin, D., Pengfei, W., Numerical Investigation on Fluid Flow in a 90-Degree Curved Pipe with Large Curvature Ratio, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 15, 2015, 548262.
[23] Röhrig, R., Jakirlic´, S., Tropea, C., Comparative Computational Study of Turbulent Flow in a 90° Pipe Elbow, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 55, 2015, 120-131.
[24] Wang, Z., Örlü, R., Schlatter, P., Chung, Y.M., Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Curved Pipe Flow, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 73, 2018, 199-208.
[25] Dutta, P., Saha, S.K., Nandi, N., Pal, N., Numerical Study on Flow Separation in 90° Pipe Bend under High Reynolds Number by k-ε Modelling, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19, 2016, 904-910.
[26] Belhoucine, L., Deville, M., Elazehari, A.R., Bensalah, M.O., Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model of Incompressible Turbulent Flow in Rotating Square Duct, Computers & Fluids, 33(2), 2004, 179-199.
[27] Sowjanya, V., Jie, C., Performance of Turbulence Models for Flows Through Rough Pipes, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34, 2010, 1458-1466.
[28] Adam, A., Zhiyin, Y., Yiling, L., Computational Analysis of Turbulent Flow over a Bluff Body with Drag Reduction Devices, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 6(SI), 2020, 1210-1219.
[29] Balen, W.V., Uijttewaal, W. S. J., Blanckaert, K., Large-Eddy Simulation of a Mildly Curved Open-Channel Flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 630, 2009, 413-442.
[30] Ha, M.H., Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Flows in Engineering, SHF, 1987, 555-562.
[31] Honoré, G., Numerical Analysis of Anisotropic Turbulent Flows using Nonlinear Turbulence Models, Ph. D. Thesis, Polytechnic of Lille, 2008.
[32] Launder, B.E., Second-Moment Closure: Present ... and Future?, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 10(4), 1989, 282-300.
[33] Lai, Y.G., So, R.M.C., Anwer, M., Hwang, B.C., Calculations of a Curved Pipe Flow using Reynolds Stress Closure, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 205, 1991, 231-244.
[34] Richard, W.J., Modeling Strategies for Unsteady Turbulent Flows in the Lower Plenum of the VHTR, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 238(3), 2008, 482-491.
[35] Carsten, S., Manfred, Z., The Influence of Loading Position in a Priori High Stress Detection using Mode Superposition, Reports in Mechanical Engineering, 1(1), 2020, 93-102.
[36] Kumar, V., Frohnapfel, B., Jovanović, J., Breuer, M., Zuo, W., Hadzić, I., Lechner, R., Anisotropy Invariant Reynolds Stress Model of Turbulence (AIRSM) and its Application to Attached and Separated Wall-Bounded Flows, Flow Turbulence Combust., 83, 2009, 81-103.
[37] Al-Sharif, S.F., Cotton, M.A., Craft, T.J., Reynolds Stress Transport Models in Unsteady and Non-Equilibrium Turbulent Flows, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 31, 2010, 401-408.
[38] Lien, F.S., Leschziner, M.A., Assessment of Turbulent Transport Models including Non-Linear Rbg Eddy-Viscosity Formulation and Second-Moment Closure, Computers and Fluids, 23(8), 1994, 983-1004.
[39] Gibson, M.M., Launder, B.E., Ground Effects on Pressure Fluctuations in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 86, 1978, 491-511.
[40] Fu, S., Launder, B.E., Leschziner, M.A., Modeling Strongly Swirling Recirculating Jet Flow with Reynolds-Stress Transport Closures, Sixth Int. Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, 7-9 September, Toulouse, France, 1987.
[41] ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide, Release 19.0, January, 2018.
[42] Sarkar, S., Balakrishnan, L., Application of a Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model to the Compressible Shear Layer, AIAA Journal, 29(5), 1991, 743-752.
[43] Chien, L.H., Liao, W.R., Ghalambaz, M., Yan, W.M., Experimental Study on Convective Boiling of Micro-Pin-Finned Channels with Parallel Arrangement Fins for FC-72 Dielectric Fluid, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 138, 2019, 390-400.
[44] Nematollahi, M.R., Nazifi, M., Enhancement of Heat Transfer in a Typical Pressurized Water Reactor by Different Mixing Vanes on Spacer Grids, Energy Conversion and Management, 49(7), 2008, 1981-1988.
[45] Živan, S., Miloš, J., Jasmina, B.J., Saša, M., Numerical Investigation of the Influence of the Doubly Curved Blade Profiles on the Reversible Axial Fan Characteristics, Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering, 18(1), 2020, 57-68.
[46] Versteeg, H.K., Malalasekera, W., An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics-The Finite Volume Method, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, Second Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-127498-3, 2007.
[47] Miroslav, M., Sonja, V., Dušan, Ć., Dragan, M., Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction Between Fishing Wobbler and Water, Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering, 18(4), 2020, 665-676.
[48] Quamrul, H.M., CFD Analysis of Single and Multiphase Flow Characteristics in Elbow, Scientific Research, 4(4), 2012, 210-214.
[49] ANSYS Meshing User's Guide, ANSYS Inc, Southpointe 2600 ANSYS Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317, 2018.
[50] Pavel, P., Dejan, B., Suitability for Coding of the Colebrook's Flow Friction Relation Expressed by Symbolic Regression Approximations of the Wright-ω Function, Reports in Mechanical Engineering, 1(1), 2020, 174-179.
[51] Ho, C.J., Liu, Y.C., Ghalambaz, M., Yan, W.M., Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM) Suspension in a Mini-Channel Heatsink, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 155, 2020, 1-13.
[52] Ho, C.J., Liu, Y.C., Yang, T.F., Ghalambaz, M., Yan, W.M., Convective Heat Transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension in a Divergent Minichannel Heatsink, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 165, 2021, 1-40.
[53] Chien, L.H., Cheng, Y.T., Lai, Y.L., Yan, W.M., Ghalambaz, M., Experimental and Numerical Study on Convective Boiling in a Staggered Array of Micro Pin-Fin Microgap, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 149, 2020, 1-16.
[54] Sheikholeslamia, M., Farshad, S.A., Shafee, A., Babazadeh, H., Performance of Solar Collector with Turbulator involving Nanomaterial Turbulent Regime, Renewable Energy, 163, 2021, 1222-1237.