Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics

Investigation of Visco-rheological Properties of Polymeric Fluid on Electrothermal Pumping

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Microfluidics and MEMs Lab, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

Abstract

Electrothermal pumping is a recently trending method to force highly conductive fluids in a wide range of microfluidics applications with biological processes. Although most polymer fluids (biological and synthetic) are highly conductive exhibiting viscoelastic rheological properties that are relevant to biomedical applications, their behavior under the effect of electrothermal force has not yet been studied. To this aim, the PTT model (non-linear rheological constitutive equation) and electrothermal equations are implemented in the developed OpenFOAM solver. The effect of rheological characteristics of the fluids on the physical parameters such as velocity, elastic behavior, and vortices strength of electrothermal flow are investigated through the viscoelastic non-dimensional numbers. According to the results, electrothermal outlet velocity decreases by 726% as the retardation ratio (β number) increases from 0.2 to 0.9 and increases by 107% as the Weissenberg number raises from 0.001 to 10. Investigating all non-dimensional numbers simultaneously leads to the conclusion that higher electrothermal velocity is achieved by viscoelastic fluids with lower viscosity and higher relaxation time. This fact is useful for choosing the proper fluid for a particular application. As a practical example, 3000 ppm polyethylene oxide solution results in higher velocity in electrothermal flow compared to the 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2000 ppm xanthan gum solution.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Publisher’s Note Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

[1] Salari, A., Navi, M., Lijnse, T., Dalton, C., AC electrothermal effect in microfluidics: A review, Micromachines, 10(11), 2019, 762.
[2] Alipanah, M., Hafttananian, M., Hedayati, N., Ramiar, A., Alipanah, M., Microfluidic on-demand particle separation using induced charged electroosmotic flow and magnetic field, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 537, 2021, 168156.
[3] Ghasemi, A., Ramiar, A., Numerical investigation of continuous acoustic particle separation using electrothermal pumping in a point of care microfluidic device, Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 176, 2022, 108964.
[4] Ramos, A., Morgan, H., Green, N.G0, Castellanos, A.  Ac electrokinetics: a review of forces in microelectrode structures, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 31(18), 1998, 2338.
[5] Green, N.G., Ramos, A., González, A., Castellanos, A., Morgan, H., Electric field induced fluid flow on microelectrodes: the effect of illumination, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 33(2), 2000, L13.
[6] Sigurdson, M., Wang, D., Meinhart, C.D., Electrothermal stirring for heterogeneous immunoassays, Lab on a Chip, 5(12), 2005, 1366-73.
[7] González, A., Ramos, A., Morgan, H., Green, N.G., Castellanos, A., Electrothermal flows generated by alternating and rotating electric fields in microsystems, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 564, 2006, 415-33.
[8] Wu, J., Lian, M., Yang, K., Micropumping of biofluids by alternating current electrothermal effects, Applied Physics Letters, 90(23), 2007, 234103.
[9] Du, E., Manoochehri, S., Enhanced ac electrothermal fluidic pumping in microgrooved channels, Journal of Applied Physics, 104(6), 2008, 064902.
[10] Du, E., Manoochehri, S., Microgrooves Enhanced AC Electrothermal Pumping for High Conductivity Microfluids, ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008.
[11] Yang, K., Wu, J., Investigation of microflow reversal by ac electrokinetics in orthogonal electrodes for micropump design, Biomicrofluidics, 2(2), 2008, 024101.
[12] Lian, M., Wu, J., Microfluidic flow reversal at low frequency by AC electrothermal effect, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 7(6), 2009, 757.
[13] Sin, M.L., Gau, V., Liao, J.C., Wong, P.K., Electrothermal fluid manipulation of high-conductivity samples for laboratory automation applications, Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation, 15(6), 2010, 426-32.
[14] Du, E., Manoochehri, S., Microfluidic pumping optimization in microgrooved channels with ac electrothermal actuations, Applied Physics Letters, 96(3), 2010, 034102.
[15] Zhang, R., Dalton, C., Jullien, G.A., Two-phase AC electrothermal fluidic pumping in a coplanar asymmetric electrode array, Microfluidics and Nnanofluidics, 10(3), 2011, 521-9.
[16] Hong, F., Bai, F., Cheng, P., Numerical simulation of AC electrothermal micropump using a fully coupled model, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 13(3), 2012, 411-20.
[17] Zhang, R., Jullien, G.A., Dalton, C., Study on an alternating current electrothermal micropump for microneedle-based fluid delivery systems, Journal of Applied Physics, 114(2), 2013, 024701.
[18] Williams, S.J., Enhanced electrothermal pumping with thin film resistive heaters, Electrophoresis, 34(9-10), 2013, 1400-8.
[19] Stubbe, M., Gyurova, A., Gimsa, J., Experimental verification of an equivalent circuit for the characterization of electrothermal micropumps: High pumping velocities induced by the external inductance at driving voltages below 5 V, Electrophoresis, 34(4), 2013, 562-74.
[20] Salari, A., Navi, M., Dalton, C., AC electrothermal micropump for biofluidic applications using numerous microelectrode pairs, 2014 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), IEEE, 2014.
[21] Salari, A., Dalton, C., A novel AC electrothermal micropump for biofluid transport using circular interdigitated microelectrode array. Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems XIII, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015.
[22] Williams, S.J., Green, N.G., Electrothermal pumping with interdigitated electrodes and resistive heaters, Electrophoresis, 36(15), 2015, 1681-9.
[23] Vafaie, R.H., Ghavifekr, H.B., Configurable ACET micro-manipulator for high conductive mediums by using a novel electrode engineering, Microsystem Technologies, 23(5), 2017, 1393-403.
[24] Hong, F., Cao, J., Cheng, P., A parametric study of AC electrothermal flow in microchannels with asymmetrical interdigitated electrodes, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 38(3), 2011, 275-9.
[25] Kunti, G., Bhattacharya, A., Chakraborty S. Analysis of micromixing of non-Newtonian fluids driven by alternating current electrothermal flow, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 247, 2017, 123-31.
[26] Shojaei, A., Ramiar, A., Ghasemi, A.H., Numerical investigation of the effect of the electrodes bed on the electrothermally induced fluid flow velocity inside a microchannel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 157, 2019, 415-27.
[27] Park, H., Lee, W., Effect of viscoelasticity on the flow pattern and the volumetric flow rate in electroosmotic flows through a microchannel, Lab on a Chip, 8(7), 2008, 1163-70.
[28] Huang, Y., Chen, J., Wong, T., Liow, J.L., Experimental and theoretical investigations of non-Newtonian electro-osmotic driven flow in rectangular microchannels, Soft Matter, 12(29), 2016, 6206-13.
[29] Ko, C.H., Li, D., Malekanfard, A., Wang, Y.N., Fu, L.M., Xuan, X., Electroosmotic flow of non‐Newtonian fluids in a constriction microchannel, Electrophoresis, 40(10), 2019, 1387-94.
[30] Ji, J., Qian, S., Liu, Z., Electroosmotic flow of viscoelastic fluid through a constriction microchannel, Micromachines, 12(4), 2021, 417.
[31] Sibley, D.N., Viscoelastic flows of PTT fluids, University of Bath, UK, 2010.
[32] Spagnolie, S.E., Complex fluids in biological systems. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, 2015.
[33] Minaeian, A., Nili-Ahmadabadi, M., Norouzi, M., Forced convective heat transfer of nonlinear viscoelastic flows over a circular cylinder at low Reynolds inertia regime, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 83, 2020, 105134.
[34] Vafaie, R.H., Ghavifekr, H.B., Van Lintel, H., Brugger, J., Renaud, P., Bi‐directional ACET micropump for on‐chip biological applications, Electrophoresis, 37(5-6), 2016, 719-26.
[35] Gan, H.Y., Lam, Y.C., Viscoelasticity, In: Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Boston, Springer USA, 2013.
[36] Pinho, F., Coelho, P., Fully-developed heat transfer in annuli for viscoelastic fluids with viscous dissipation, Journal of Non-newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 138(1), 2008, 7-21.
[37] Mahdavi Khatibi, A., Mirzazadeh, M., Rashidi, F., Forced convection heat transfer of Giesekus viscoelastic fluid in pipes and channels, Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(4), 2010, 405-12.
[38] Ferrás, L.L., Nóbrega, J.M., Pinho, F.T., Analytical solutions for channel flows of Phan-Thien–Tanner and Giesekus fluids under slip, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 171, 2012, 97-105.
Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics
Volume 10, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 164-182