A Novel Approach to Fully Nonlinear Mathematical Modeling of ‎Tectonic Plates

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Division of Mechanics, Civil Engineering Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, ‎07058, Turkey

2 Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology,‎ ‎80-233, Gdansk, Poland

3 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan‎

4 DICAAR, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo, 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy‎

Abstract

The motion of the Earth's layers due to internal pressures is simulated in this research with an efficient mathematical model. The Earth, which revolves around its axis of rotation and is under internal pressure, will change the shape and displacement of the internal layers and tectonic plates. Applied mathematical models are based on a new approach to shell theory involving both two and three-dimensional approaches. It is the first time studying all necessary measures that increase the accuracy of the obtained results. These parameters are essential to perform a completely nonlinear analysis and consider the effects of the Earth’s rotation around its axis. Unlike most modeling of nonlinear partial differential equations in applied mechanics that only considers nonlinear effects in a particular direction, the general nonlinear terms are considered in the present study, which increases the accuracy of the amount of displacement of the Earth's inner layers. Also, the fully nonlinear and dynamic differential equations are solved by a semi-analytical polynomial method which is an innovative and efficient method. Determining the amount of critical pressure at the fault location that will cause phenomena such as earthquakes is one of the useful results that can be obtained from the mathematical modeling in this research.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Publisher’s Note Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

[1] Navabi, M., Barati, M., Mathematical modeling and simulation of the earth's magnetic field: A comparative study of the models on the spacecraft attitude control application, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 46, 2017, 365-381.
[2] Xiao, S., Xia, P., Variational calculus method for passive earth pressure on rigid retaining walls with strip surcharge on backfills, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 83, 2020, 526-551.
[3] Alexandrov, D.V., Malygin, A.P., Mathematical modeling of solidification process near the inner core boundary of the Earth, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(22), 2013, 9368-9378.
[4] Vishwakarma, S.K., Runzhang, X., Rayleigh wave dispersion in an irregular sandy Earth's crust over orthotropic mantle, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 40(19-20), 2016, 8647-8659.
[5] Wang, J.M., Lanari, P., Wu, F.Y., Zhang, J.J., Khanal, G.P., Yang, L., First evidence of eclogites overprinted by ultrahigh temperature metamorphism in Everest East, Himalaya: Implications for collisional tectonics on early Earth, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 558, 2021, 116760.
[6] Palin, R.M., Santosh, M., Cao, W., Li, S.S., Hernández-Uribe, D., Parsons, A., Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth, Earth-Science Reviews, 207, 2020, 103172.
[7] Zheng, Y.F., Plate Tectonics, Encyclopedia of Geology, second ed., 2021.
[8] Chattopadhyay, A., Gupta, S., Sharma, V.K., Kumari, P., Propagation of SH waves in an irregular monoclinic crustal layer, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 78, 2008, 989–999.
[9] Van Hunen, J., Onset and Evolution of Plate Tectonics: Geodynamical Constraints, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2019.
[10] Capitanio, F.A., Gonzalez, C.M., Brune, S., Numerical Modeling of Tectonic Processes, Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Ed., 2021.
[11] Pang, F.Z., Li, H.C., Wang, X.R., Miao, X.H., Li, S., A semi analytical method for the free vibration of doubly-curved shells of revolution, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 75(9), 2018, 3249-3268.
[12] Dastjerdi, S., Akgöz, B., New static and dynamic analyses of macro and nano FGM plates using exact three-dimensional elasticity in thermal environment, Composite Structures, 192, 2018, 626-641.
[13] Dastjerdi, S., Akgöz, B., Yazdanparast, L., A new approach for bending analysis of bilayer conical graphene panels considering nonlinear van der Waals force, Composites Part B: Engineering, 150, 2018, 124-134.
[14] Dastjerdi, S., Lotfi, M., Jabbarzadeh, M., Nonlocal analysis of single and double-layered graphene cylindrical panels and nano-tubes under internal and external pressures considering thermal effects, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 55, 2017, 883-896.
[15] Zeighampour, H., Tadi Beni, Y., Analysis of conical shells in the framework of coupled stresses theory, International Journal of Engineering Science, 81, 2014, 107-122.
[16] Dastjerdi, S., Akgöz, B., On the statics of fullerene structures, International Journal of Engineering Science, 142, 2019, 125-144.
[17] Pietraszkiewicz, W., Refined resultant thermomechanics of shells, International Journal of Engineering Science, 49, 2011, 1112-1124.
[18] Gal, E., Levy, R., Geometrically nonlinear analysis of shell structures using a flat triangular shell finite element, Archive of Computational Methods in Engineering, 13, 2006, 331–388.
[19] Dastjerdi, S., Akgöz, B., Civalek, Ö., On the effect of viscoelasticity on behavior of gyroscopes, International Journal of Engineering Science, 149, 2020, 103236.
[20] Chen, Y., Avitabile, P., Page, C., Dodson, J., A polynomial based dynamic expansion and data consistency assessment and modification for cylindrical shell structures, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 154, 2021, 107574.
[21] Jiang, B., Zhang, J., Ohsaki, M., Shape optimization of free-form shell structures combining static and dynamic behaviors, Structures, 29, 2021, 1791-1807.
[22] Lavrencic, M., Brank, B., Hybrid-Mixed Low-Order Finite Elements for Geometrically Exact Shell Models: Overview and Comparison, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28, 2021, 3917–3951.
[23] Lee, C.Y., Hodges, D.H., Hybrid energy transformation to generalized Reissner–Mindlin model for laminated composite shells, International Journal of Engineering Science, 122, 2018, 30-55.
[24] Zhang, Z., Zhou, W., Gao, S., Wan, M., Zhang, W., A novel computational method for dynamic analysis of flexible sandwich plates undergoing large deformation, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 91, 2021, 4069–4080.
[25] Li, J., Ren, H., Ning, J., Deformation and failure of thin spherical shells under dynamic impact loading: Experiment and analytical model, Thin-Walled Structures, 161, 2021, 107403.
[26] Sharma, N., Panda, S.K., Multiphysical numerical (FE-BE) solution of sound radiation responses of laminated sandwich shell panel including curvature effect, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 80(5), 2020, 1221-1239.
[27] Eyvazian, A., Shahsavari, D., Karami, B., On the dynamic of graphene reinforced nanocomposite cylindrical shells subjected to a moving harmonic load, International Journal of Engineering Science, 154, 2020, 103339.
[28] Fadida, R., Shirizly, A., Rittel, D., The static and dynamic shear-tension mechanical response of AM Ti6Al4V containing spherical and prolate voids, International Journal of Engineering Science, 141, 2019, 1-15.
[29] Serhat, G., Anamagh, M.R., Bediz, B., Basdogan, I., Dynamic analysis of doubly curved composite panels using lamination parameters and spectral-Tchebychev method, Computers & Structures, 239, 2020, 106294.
[30] Li, G., Su, X., Pu, H., An unconditionally stable and high-accuracy finite element scheme for dynamic analysis of saturated poroelastic media, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 136, 2020, 106226.
[31] Viana, H.F., da Silva, R.G.L., Costa, R.S., Lavall, A.C.C., Formulation for nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel frames considering the plastic zone method, Engineering Structures, 223, 2020, 111197.
[32] Huang, Y., Sturt, R., Willford, M., A damping model for nonlinear dynamic analysis providing uniform damping over a frequency range, Computers & Structures, 212, 2019, 101-109.
[33] Li, Z.M., Liu, T., Qiao, P., Nonlinear vibration and dynamic instability analyses of laminated doubly curved panels in thermal environments, Composite Structures, 267, 2020, 113434.
[34] Fu, T., Wu, X., Xiao, Z., Chen, Z., Dynamic instability analysis of porous FGM conical shells subjected to parametric excitation in thermal environment within FSDT, Thin-Walled Structures, 158, 2021, 107202.
[35] Zhang, H., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Nonlinear dynamic analysis method for large-scale single-layer lattice domes with uncertain-but-bounded parameters, Engineering Structures, 203, 2020, 109780.
[36] Hashemian, M., Falsafioon, M., Pirmoradian, M., Toghraie, D., Nonlocal dynamic stability analysis of a Timoshenko nanobeam subjected to a sequence of moving nanoparticles considering surface effects, Mechanics of Materials, 148, 2020, 103452.
[37] Ramirez, D., Cuba, L., Mantari, J.L., Arciniega, R.A., Bending and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates via Optimized Non-polynomial Higher Order Theories, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 5(2), 2019, 281–298.
[38] Chen, X., Gan, X., Ren, G., Dynamic modeling and nonlinear analysis of a rotor system supported by squeeze film damper with variable static eccentricity under aircraft turning maneuver, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 485, 2020, 115551.
[39] Kuppa, S.K., Lal, M., Dynamic behaviour analysis of coupled rotor active magnetic bearing system in the supercritical frequency range, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 152, 2020, 103915.
[40] Su, W., Qiu, Y.X., Xu, Y.J., Wang, J.T., A scheme for switching boundary condition types in the integral static-dynamic analysis of soil-structures in Abaqus, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 141, 2021, 106458.
[41] Arruda, M.R.T., Castro, L.M.S., Non-linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures with hybrid mixed stress finite elements, Advances in Engineering Software, 153, 2021, 102965.
[42] Sahoo, R., Grover, N., Singh, B.N., Random vibration response of composite–sandwich laminates, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 91, 2021, 3755–3771.
[43] Monge, J.C., Mantari, J.L., Yarasca, J., Arciniega, R.A., On Bending Response of Doubly Curved Laminated Composite Shells Using Hybrid Refined Models, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 5(5), 2019, 875-899.
[44] Mellouli, H., Jrad, H., Wali, M., Dammak, F., Free vibration analysis of FG-CNTRC shell structures using the meshfree radial point interpolation method, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 79(11), 2020, 3160-3178.
[45] Zhao, Z., Yuan, X., Zhang, W., Niu, D., Zhang, H., Dynamical modeling and analysis of hyperelastic spherical shells under dynamic loads and structural damping, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 95, 2021, 468-483.
[46] Xie, J., Hao, S., Wang, W., Shi, P., Analytical solution of stress in functionally graded cylindrical/spherical pressure vessel, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 91, 2021, 3341–3363.
[47] Yi, H., Sahmani, S., Safaei, B., On size-dependent large-amplitude free oscillations of FGPM nanoshells incorporating vibrational mode interactions, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 20, 2020, 48.
[48] Ameijeiras, M.P., Godoy, L.A., Quasi-bifurcation and Imperfection-sensitivity of Cylindrical ‎Shells under Pressures due to an Explosion, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 7(2), 2021, 984-992.
[49] Abouelregal, A.E., Mohammad-Sedighi, H., Faghidian, S.A., Shirazi, A.H., Temperature-dependent physical characteristics of the rotating nonlocal nanobeams subject to a varying heat source and a dynamic load, Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 19(4), 2021, 633-56.
[50] Fattahi, A.M., Safaei, B., Qin Zh., Chu, F., Experimental studies on elastic properties of high density polyethylene-multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites, Steel and Composite Structures, 38(2), 2021, 177-187.
[51] Ghanati, P., Safaei, B., Elastic buckling analysis of polygonal thin sheets under compression, Indian Journal of Physics, 93, 2019, 47–52.
[52] Safaei, B., Frequency-dependent damped vibrations of multifunctional foam plates sandwiched and integrated by composite faces, The European Physical Journal Plus, 136, 2021, 646.
[53] Safaei, B., The effect of embedding a porous core on the free vibration behavior of laminated composite plates, Steel and Composite Structures, 35(5), 2020, 659-670.
[54] Fragassa, C., de Camargo, F. V., Pavlovic, A., Minak, G., Explicit numerical modeling assessment of basalt reinforced composites for low-velocity impact, Composites Part B: Engineering, 163, 2019, 522-535.
[55] Fragassa, C., de Camargo, F. V., Pavlovic, A., Minak, G., Experimental evaluation of static and dynamic properties of low styrene emission vinylester laminates reinforced by natural fibres, Polymer Testing, 69, 2018, 437-449.
[56] Pavlovic, A., Fragassa, C., Numerical modelling of ballistic impacts on flexible protection curtains used as safety protection in woodworking, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 231(1), 2017, 44-58.
[57] Malikan, M., Eremeyev, V.A., On dynamic modeling of piezomagnetic/flexomagnetic microstructures based on Lord–Shulman thermoelastic model, Archive of Applied Mechanics, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-022-02149-7
[58] Malikan, M., Eremeyev, V.A., On a flexomagnetic behavior of composite structures, International Journal of Engineering Science, 175, 2022, 103671.
[59] Malikan, M., Krasheninnikov, M., Eremeyev, V.A., Torsional stability capacity of a nano-composite shell based on a nonlocal strain gradient shell model under a three-dimensional magnetic field, International Journal of Engineering Science, 148, 2020, 103210.
[60] Gutenberg, B., Density, Pressure, Gravity, and Flattening in the Earth, International Geophysics, 1, 1959, 149-164.
[61] Kennett, B.L.N., On the density distribution within the Earth, Geophysical Journal International, 132(2), 1998, 374-382.
[62] Dastjerdi, Sh., Malikan, M., Akgöz, B., Civalek, Ö., Wiczenbach, T., Eremeyev, V.A., On the deformation and frequency analyses of SARS-CoV-2 at nanoscale, International Journal of Engineering Science, 170, 2022, 103604.
[63] Gutenberg, B., Elastic Constants, and Elastic Processes in the Earth, International Geophysics, 1, 1959, 165-184.
[64] Speziale, S., Elastic properties of Earth materials, Conference: From Core to Crust: Towards an Integrated Vision of Earth’s Interior, Miramare, Trieste, Italy, 2009.
[65] Anderson, D.L., Theory of the Earth, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, MA, 1989.
[66] Dastjerdi, S., Tadi Beni, Y., Malikan, M., A comprehensive study on nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis of thick functionally graded porous rotating disk based on two quasi-three-dimensional theories, Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 50(10), 2020, 3596-3625.
[67] Dastjerdi, S., Malikan, M., Dimitri, R., Tornabene, F., Nonlocal elasticity analysis of moderately thick porous functionally graded plates in a hygro-thermal environment, Composite Structures, 255, 2021, 112925.