[1] Svanberg, K., The method of moving asymptotes—A new method for structural optimization, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 24(2), 1987, 359–373.
[2] Holland, J.H., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1975.
[3] Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R., Particle swarm optimization, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 4, 1995, 1942–1948.
[4] Mirjalili, S., Lewis, A., The whale optimization algorithm, Advances in Engineering Software, 95, 2016, 51–67.
[5] Simon, D., Biogeography-based optimization, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 12(6), 2008, 702–713.
[6] Kale, N., Aydogdu, I., Demir, E., Performance of the whale optimization algorithm in space steel frame optimization problems, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Applications in Engineering Sciences, Springer, 2020, 145–156.
[7] Cuong-Le, T., Le-Minh, H., Damage identification in 3D steel frames using PSO-based feedforward neural networks, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Structural Engineering, Springer, 2022.
[8] Ribeiro, L.H., Claeys, C., Fabro, A.T., Chronopoulos, D., Arruda, J.R.F., Robust optimization of a 3D printed periodic frame structure using the inferred characterization of the additive manufacturing system, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 211, 2024, 111515.
[9] Liu, J., Duan, L., Jiang, Y., Zhao, L., Zhao, J., A rcGAN-based surrogate model for nonlinear seismic response analysis and optimization of steel frames, Engineering Structures, 295, 2024, 119199.
[10] Myszka, D., Ives, C., Joo, J., An automated topology optimization interpreter that generates space frames, International Journal of Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, 52(6), 2024, 3488-3510.
[11] Tayfur, B., Daloglu, A., Optimum design of steel frames against progressive collapse by guided simulated annealing algorithm, Steel and Composite Structures, 50(5), 2024, 583–598.
[12] Örmecioglu, T.O., Aydogdu, I., Örmecioglu, H.T., GPU-based parallel programming for FEM analysis in the optimization of steel frames, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 24(3), 2025, 1404-25.
[13] Liu, Y., Lee, T., Koronaki, A., Pietroni, N., Xie, Y., Reducing the number of different nodes in space frame structures through clustering and optimization, Engineering Structures, 276, 2023, 116016.
[14] Dorigo, M., Di Caro, G., The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic, New Ideas in Optimization, McGraw-Hill, London, 1999, 11–32.
[15] Goodarzimehr, V., Shojaee, S., Hamzehei-Javaran, S., Talatahari, S., Special relativity search: A novel metaheuristic method based on special relativity physics, Knowledge-Based Systems, 257, 2022, 109484.
[16] Goodarzimehr, V., Talatahari, S., Shojaee, S., Hamzehei-Javaran, S., Special relativity search for applied mechanics and engineering, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 429, 2024, 117110.
[17] Ugur, I.B., Degertekin, S.O., Jaya algorithm for design optimization of planar steel frames, Dicle University Journal of Engineering, 12(5), 2021, 1–14.
[18] Lui, Q., A hybrid PSO-FFNN approach for optimized seismic design and accurate structural response prediction in steel moment-resisting frames, PLoS ONE, 20(6), 2025.
[19] Eberhart, R., Shi, Y., Particle swarm optimization: Developments, applications and resources, Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2001, 81–86.
[20] Rao, R.V., Savsani, V.J., Vakharia, D.P., Teaching–learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems, Computer-Aided Design, 43(3), 2011, 303–315.
[21] Artar, M., Daloglu, A.T., Optimum design of composite steel frames with semi-rigid connections and column bases via genetic algorithm, Steel and Composite Structures, 30(1), 2019, 67–80.
[22] Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S.M., Lewis, A., Grey wolf optimizer, Advances in Engineering Software, 69, 2014, 46–61.
[23] Sang To, T., Le Minh, H., Wahab, M., Mirjalili, S., A new movement strategy of grey wolf optimizer for optimization problems and structural damage identification, Advances in Engineering Software, 173, 2022, 103276.
[24] Goodarzimehr, V., Fanaie, N., Improved multi-objective special relativity search algorithm for applied structural and mechanical problems, Engineering Structures, 343, 2025, 121261.
[25] Goodarzimehr, V., Topal, U., Bohlooly Fotovat, M., Optimal frequency of stiffened piezolaminated composite plates implementing a hybrid special relativity search and hill climbing optimization algorithm, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 11(4), 2025, 1022–1038.
[26] Atashpaz-Gargari, E., Lucas, C., Imperialist competitive algorithm: An algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition, Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007, 4661–4667.
[27] Maheri, M., Talezade, M., An enhanced imperialist competitive algorithm for optimum design of skeletal structures, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 40, 2018, 24–36.
[28] Jia, Y., Kundu, R.D., Zhang, X.S., Stress constrained versus fracture-based topology optimization, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 441, 2025, 117949.
[29] Cao, H., Qian, X., Zhou, Y., Large-scale structural optimization using metaheuristic algorithms with elitism and a filter strategy, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 57(2), 2018, 799–814.
[30] Kaveh, A., Bakhshpoori, T., Optimum design of steel frames using cuckoo search algorithm with Lévy flights, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 22(13), 2013.
[31] American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-16), Chicago, IL, 2016.
[32] Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC), Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, Standard No. 2800, 4th ed., Tehran, Iran, 2014.
[33] Wolpert, D.H., Macready, W.G., No free lunch theorems for optimization, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1(1), 1997, 67–82.
[34] Schott, F., Chamoret, D., Baron, T., Salmon, S., Meyer, Y., Performance measure and tool for benchmarking metaheuristic optimization algorithms, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 7(3), 2021, 1803–1813.
[35] Ferrer-Fuenmayor, S., Villalba Morales, J.D., Shape optimization of slotted steel plate dampers using the simulated annealing algorithm, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 9(3), 2023, 870–883.
[36] Chandrasekhar, K., Bhikshma, V., Bhaskara Reddy, K., Topology optimization of laminated composite plates and shells using optimality criteria, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(2), 2022, 405–415.
[37] Goodarzimehr, V., Fanaie, N., Mirjalili, S., Computer-aided mathematical and structural optimization using an advanced stochastic algorithm, Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 53(11), 2025, 7485–7512.
[38] Amaral Reis, R., Borges Alves, J., Gomes Martins, H., Proportional topology optimization under reliability-based constraints, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(1), 2022, 319–330.
[39] Goodarzimehr, V., Pereira, J.L.J., Khodadadi, N., MOSRS: An engineering multi-objective optimization through Einsteinian concept, PLoS ONE, 20(7), 2025, e0328005.