[1] Alarabi, T. H., Mahdy, A., Alotaibi, M. A., Aly, A. M., Abdelsalam, S., Artificial intelligence-powered magnetorheological dynamics of a dusty nanofluid: employing artificial neural network and hybrid fourth-order numerical methods, Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal, 2025.
[2] Aly, A. M., Alotaibi, M., Asai, M., Abdelsalam, S. I., Meshfree simulation and artificial-intelligence enabled prediction of heat and mass transfer in a wavy annular cavity filled with a nanofluid and a heterogeneous porous medium containing hexagonal inserts, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 181, 2026, 115229.
[3] Alsedais, N., Mansour, M. A., Aly, A. M., Abdelsalam, S. I., Artificial neural network validation of MHD natural bioconvection in a square enclosure: entropic analysis and optimization, Acta Mechanica Sinica, 41(9), 2025, 724507.
[4] Elsedais, N., Mansour, M. A., Aly, A. M., Abdelsalam, S., Artificial intelligence-driven FVM-ANN model for entropy analysis of MHD natural bioconvection in nanofluid-filled porous cavities, Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, 22, 2024, 1277-1307.
[5] Sharma, R. P., Mishra, S. R., Metal and metallic oxide nanofluid over a shrinking surface with thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(2), 2022, 557–565.
[6] Srivastava, R., Sharma, R. P., Central composite design-based parametric study of magnetically dissipative Darcy–Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow over an expanding sheet, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 12(3), 2026, 1035–1046.
[7] Srivastava, R., Sharma, R. P., Response surface method-based optimization of thermal transfer rate in hybrid nanofluid flow over a porous stretching sheet with multiple slip condition, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 12(2), 2026, 491–501.
[8] Sharma, A., Sharma, R. P., A critical review of non-Newtonian Sisko fluid and its role in industrial engineering, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2026, 1–30.
[9] Husainy, A. S. N., Kale, S. K., Sawant, S. M., Sur, A., Patil, S. D., Heat transfer phenomenon of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) incorporated in refrigeration test rig, ES Energy & Environment, 23, 2024, 1099.
[10] Sourtiji, E., Gorji-Bandpy, M., Ganji, D. D., Hosseinizadeh, S. F., Numerical analysis of mixed convection heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a ventilated cavity considering different positions of the outlet port, Powder Technology, 262, 2014, 71–81.
[11] Abu-Nada, E., Chamkha, A. J., Mixed convection flow in a lid-driven inclined square enclosure filled with a nanofluid, European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, 29(6), 2010, 472–482.
[12] Nield, D. A., Simmons, C. T., A brief introduction to convection in porous media, Transport in Porous Media, 130(1), 2019, 237–250.
[13] Arani, A. A., Sebdani, S. M., Mahmoodi, M., Ardeshiri, A., Aliakbari, M., Numerical study of mixed convection flow in a lid-driven cavity with sinusoidal heating on sidewalls using nanofluid, Superlattices and Microstructures, 51(6), 2012, 893–911.
[14] Wang, X. Q., Mujumdar, A. S., Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46(1), 2007, 1–19.
[15] Rasheed, T., Hussain, T., Anwar, M. T., Ali, J., Rizwan, K., Bilal, M., Alshammari, F. H., Alwadai, N., Almuslem, A. S., Hybrid nanofluids as renewable and sustainable colloidal suspensions for potential photovoltaic/thermal and solar energy applications, Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 2021, 737033.
[16] Bhattad, A., Atgur, V., Rao, B. N., Banapurmath, N. R., Khan, T. M. Y., Vadlamudi, C., Krishnappa, S., Sajjan, A. M., Shankara, R. P., Ayachit, N. H., Review on mono and hybrid nanofluids: preparation, properties, investigation, and applications in IC engines and heat transfer, Energies, 16(7), 2023, 3189.
[17] Esfe, M. H., Saedodin, S., Yan, W. M., Afrand, M., Sina, N., Study on thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluids with hybrid suspensions of CNTs/Al2O3 nanoparticles, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 124(1), 2016, 455–460.
[18] Chabani, I., Mebarek-Oudina, F., Ismail, A. A. I., MHD flow of a hybrid nanofluid in a triangular enclosure with zigzags and an elliptic obstacle, Micromachines, 13(2), 2022, 224.
[19] Ganeshkumar, P., Vinothkumar, S., Sundaram, P., Sathishkumar, A., Kim, S. C., Ramkumar, V., Pandiaraj, S., Alodhayb, A. N., Alzahrani, K. E., Performance evaluation of shot-blasted heat exchangers with MWCNT and activated carbon nanofluids: assessing entropy, exergy, sustainability index, Grashof, Rayleigh, and Richardson numbers for solar thermal applications, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 149(22), 2024, 13285–13308.
[20] Rahman, M. A., Hasnain, S. M., Pandey, S., Tapalova, A., Akylbekov, N., Zairov, R., Review on nanofluids: preparation, properties, stability, and thermal performance augmentation in heat transfer applications, ACS Omega, 9(30), 2024, 32328–32349.
[21] Haque, M. R., Wasif, M., Mishal, K. A., Haque, M. M., Numerical investigation of MHD mixed convection phenomenon in a lid-driven hexagonal enclosure with wavy wall and SWCNT-MWCNT nanofluids, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(3), 2023, 3863–3880.
[22] Das, P. K., Santra, A. K., Ganguly, R., Dash, S. K., Muthusamy, S., Sha, M. S., Sadasivuni, K. K., An extensive review of preparation, stabilization, and application of single and hybrid nanofluids, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 149(17), 2024, 9523–9557.
[23] Hossain, A., Molla, M. M., Kamrujjaman, M., Mohebujjaman, M., Saha, S. C., MHD mixed convection of non-Newtonian Bingham nanofluid in a wavy enclosure with temperature-dependent thermophysical properties: a sensitivity analysis by response surface methodology, Energies, 16(11), 2023, 4408.
[24] Arafa, A. A. M., Rashed, Z. Z., Ahmed, S. E., Radiative flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids within inclined porous enclosures with time fractional derivative, Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2021, 5338.
[25] Srinivas, A. T., Bharti, R. P., Chhabra, R. P., Mixed convection heat transfer from a cylinder in power-law fluids: effect of aiding buoyancy, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48(21), 2009, 9735–9754.
[26] Mahmood, F. T., Chowdhury, T. S., Hasan, M. N., Fluid-structure interaction induced mixed convection characteristics in a lid-driven square cavity with non-Newtonian power law fluids, International Journal of Thermofluids, 22, 2024, 100687.
[27] Korukçu, M. Ö., Heat transfer and entropy generation for mixed convection of Al₂O₃-water nanofluid in a lid-driven square cavity with a concentric square blockage, Processes, 12(6), 2024, 1079.
[28] Santhosh, N., Sivaraj, R., Prasad, V. R., Bég, O. A., Leung, H. H., Kamalov, F., Kuharat, S., Computational study of MHD mixed convective flow of Cu/Al₂O₃-water nanofluid in a porous rectangular cavity with slits, viscous heating, Joule dissipation and heat source/sink effects, Waves in Random and Complex Media, 36, 2026, 2241-2274.
[29] Dorel, V., Le Gal, P., Le Bars, M., Experimental study of the penetrative convection in gases, Physical Review Fluids, 8(10), 2023, 103501.
[30] Prabakaran, R., Eswaramoorthi, S., Loganathan, K., Sarris, I. E., Investigation on thermally radiative mixed convective flow of carbon nanotubes/Al₂O₃ nanofluid in water past a stretching plate with Joule heating and viscous dissipation, Micromachines, 13(9), 2022, 1424.
[31] Sarker, S. P. K., Alam, M. M., Numerical study of heat transfer in a nanofluid-filled trapezoidal enclosure with star-shaped heat sources under magnetic field, Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 15(3), 2025, 136–157.
[32] Al-Farhany, K., Al-Muhja, B., Loganathan, K., Periyasamy, U., Ali, F., Sarris, I. E., Analysis of convection phenomenon in enclosure utilizing nanofluids with baffle effects, Energies, 15(18), 2022, 6615.
[33] Mehmood, K., Hussain, S., Sagheer, M., Mixed convection in alumina-water nanofluid filled lid-driven square cavity with an isothermally heated square blockage inside with magnetic field effect: Introduction, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 109, 2017, 397–409.
[34] Shahi, M., Mahmoudi, A. H., Talebi, F., Numerical study of mixed convective cooling in a square cavity ventilated and partially heated from the below utilizing nanofluid, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(2), 2010, 201–213.
[35] Çakmak, N. K., Durmazuçar, H. H., Yapıcı, K., A numerical study of mixed convection heat transfer in a lid-driven cavity using Al2O3-water nanofluid, International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 4(1), 2020, 22–37.
[36] Chowdhury, M. M. U., Islam, M. M., Hossain, M. Z., Molla, M. M., Magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection and sensitivity analysis of non-Newtonian power-law fluid in a ventilated cavity with a rotating heated cylinder, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 18(1), 2024, 2427386.
[37] Islam, A. W., Sharif, M. A. R., Carlson, E. S., Mixed convection in a lid-driven square cavity with an isothermally heated square blockage inside, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55(19–20), 2012, 5244–5255.
[38] Karbasifar, B., Akbari, M., Toghraie, D., Mixed convection of water aluminum oxide nanofluid in an inclined lid-driven cavity containing a hot elliptical centric cylinder, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 116, 2018, 1237–1249.
[39] El-Shorbagy, M. A., Eslami, F., Ibrahim, M., Barnoon, P., Xia, W. F., Toghraie, D., Numerical investigation of mixed convection of nanofluid flow in a trapezoidal channel with different aspect ratios in the presence of porous medium, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 25, 2021, 100977.
[40] Abdulsahib, A. D., Alkhafaji, D., Albayati, I. M., A comprehensive review of the influence of various parameters on convection in different enclosures and heat sinks, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 150(5), 2025, 3091–3119.
[41] Apmann, K., Fulmer, R., Soto, A., Vafaei, S., Thermal conductivity and viscosity: Review and optimization of effects of nanoparticles, Materials, 14(5), 2021, 1291.
[42] Shoeibi, S., Kargarsharifabad, H., Sharifpur, M., Meyer, J. P., Hybrid nanofluid natural convection in the square enclosure with periodic magnetic field: experimental investigation and economic evaluation, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 148(6), 2023, 2527–2545.
[43] Kalsi, S., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Alam, T., Sharma, A., Yadav, A. S., A review on hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer: advancements, synthesis, challenges and applications, Discover Applied Sciences, 7(7), 2025, 698.
[44] Rehman, N., Mahmood, R., Majeed, A. H., Khan, I., Mohamed, A., Multigrid simulations of non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer in a ventilated square cavity with mixed convection and baffles, Scientific Reports, 14(1), 2024, 6694.
[45] Hossain, M. A., Sajib, M. A. H., Sagib, M., Islam, M. R., Barai, G., Podder, C., Saha, B. K., Enhanced thermal efficiency on mixed convection flow of TiO₂-water nanofluid inside a double lid-driven zigzag cavity with and without heated obstacles insertion, International Journal of Thermofluids, 25, 2025, 101040.
[46] Siddiki, M. N. A. A., Islam, S., Ahmmed, M. U., Hasan, M. F., Molla, M. M., A study of forced convection in non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids embedded in a heated cylinder within a hexagonal enclosure by finite element method, Mathematics, 13(3), 2025, 445.
[47] Alsabery, A. I., Tayebi, T., Kadhim, H. T., Ghalambaz, M., Hashim, I., Chamkha, A. J., Impact of two-phase hybrid nanofluid approach on mixed convection inside wavy lid-driven cavity having localized solid block, Journal of Advanced Research, 30, 2021, 63–74.
[48] Eshaghi, S., Izadpanah, F., Dogonchi, A. S., Chamkha, A. J., Ben Hamida, M. B., Alhumade, H., The optimum double diffusive natural convection heat transfer in H-shaped cavity with a baffle inside and a corrugated wall, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 28, 2021, 101541.
[49] Alsabery, A. I., Hashim, I., Hajjar, A., Ghalambaz, M., Nadeem, S., Saffari Pour, M., Entropy generation and natural convection flow of hybrid nanofluids in a partially divided wavy cavity including solid blocks, Energies, 13(11), 2020, 2942.
[50] Ma, Y., Mohebbi, R., Rashidi, M. M., Yang, Z., MHD convective heat transfer of Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in a channel with active heaters and coolers, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 137, 2019, 714–726.
[51] Tiwari, R. K., Das, M. K., Heat transfer augmentation in a two-sided lid-driven differentially heated square cavity utilizing nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(9–10), 2007, 2002–2018.
[52] Oztop, H. F., Abu-Nada, E., Numerical study of natural convection in partially heated rectangular enclosures filled with nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 29(5), 2008, 1326–1336.
[53] Basak, T., Roy, S., Thirumalesha, Ch., Finite element analysis of natural convection in a triangular enclosure: effects of various thermal boundary conditions, Chemical Engineering Science, 62(9), 2007, 2623–2640.
[54] Siddiki, M. N. A. A., Islam, S., Ahmmed, M. U., Molla, M. M., Numerical simulation of a non-Newtonian nanofluid on mixed convection in a rectangular enclosure with two rotating cylinders, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 45(1), 2024, 2332525.
[55] Moukalled, F., Darwish, M., A new family of streamline-based very-high-resolution schemes, Numerical Heat Transfer, 32(3), 1997, 299–320.
[56] Islam, S., Islam, M. M., Rana, B. M. J., Islam, M. S., Reza-E-Rabbi, S. K., Hossain, M. S., Rahman, M. M., Numerical investigation with sensitivity study of MHD mixed convective hexagonal heat exchanger using TiO2-H2O nanofluid, Results in Engineering, 18, 2023, 101136.
[57] Nasir, S., Berrouk, A. S., Comparative study of computational frameworks for magnetite and carbon nanotube-based nanofluids in enclosure, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 149(5), 2024, 2403–2423.
[58] Islam, T., Gama, S., Afonso, M. M., Artificial neural network and response surface methodology-driven optimization of Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid flow in a wavy enclosure with inclined periodic magnetohydrodynamic effects, Mathematics, 13(1), 2024, 78.
[59] Montgomery, D. C., Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley & Sons, 2017.
[60] Kshirsagar, D. P., Venkatesh, M. A., A review on hybrid nanofluids for engineering applications, Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 2021, 744–755.
Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics